The Sauerkraut Festival Essay -- Descriptive Essays, Observation

As I begin strolling south down sauerkraut advanced Main Street, I get the staggering sentiment of claustrophobia. This specific end of the week is the end of the week for the Sauerkraut Festival. The road, being exceptionally packed, has white tents set up on each roadside with artworks to be sold. Quickly I see wicker bins and photographs that skilled workers are wanting to sell at the celebration. As I keep on strolling down the packed road I get the fragrance of cinnamon. The secondary school wrestling crew, which sells one of the non-sauerkraut items, cinnamon cooked almonds, is filling the air with an incredible aroma, and attracting individuals to the seller’s stall with the fragrance. Over the road from them, the corner loaded up with artworks to recognize firemen is getting a charge out of the group that the wrestling stall is drawing. With the entirety of this thoughtfulness regarding the almonds, the fireman corner is getting a few eyes and selling more than the sta ll would without the wrestler’s corner. As I keep on navigating down the clogged road I see a lot more specialty stalls. A portion of the corners are loaded up with caps, shirts, and a combination of adornments. Aromas fill the air too. The mind-boggling aroma of sauerkraut is vigorously noticeable all around now. Sauerkraut sausages and bratwurst, just as kraut-burgers, which are cheeseburgers with sauerkraut on them, are being offered to help thicken the fragrance. As I move nearer to the core of the celebration I hear music playing out yonder. I become inquisitive and start to attempt to walk somewhat quicker. I go to the corner, sit on the steps driving from the nearby bank, and tune in to the band playing on the stage set up in the bank parking area. It is an all male band with female line artists moving before the stage. The band is wea... ...estival in light of the fact that I am getting irritated at the individuals here. Once getting around the entirety of the overwhelming traffic, I hear music once more. I just barely get through the group, which isn't moving in any way, and the corners at last end. I end up at a genuine congested driving conditions of vehicles, sitting out and about holding up at a red light, and one of the vehicles has its radio up very uproarious. At that point a cop holds traffic and the enormous gathering of individuals that I just barely got through all surges over the street. I go with them and afterward come back to my vehicle. The outing to the celebration was incredible, however I am not large into creates. I would have an a lot more prominent time at the celebration if the group was not all that huge; along these lines I can take constantly that I need, and not need to stress over stepping on somebody or running into somebody. I presently value constantly that the town places into the celebration. They work admirably.

The eNotes Blog Win a Years Supply of Bacon FromeNotes!

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Impact of Climate Change on Food Security Free Essays

[pic] CASESTUDY: SOLOMON ISLANDS NAME: LIZZIE IMMACULATE. TEGU ID #: S11053489 Course Code: GE302 DUE DATE: week - 13-2011 Lecturer: Dr. Tamarisi Yabaki INTRODUCTION Agricultural segment was the most significant segment for the economy. We will compose a custom paper test on Effect of Climate Change on Food Security or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now It represents around 30% of the GDP. Horticultural fare is a significant wellspring of fare profit and it is the primary wellspring of work and vocation in the rustic regions. Agribusiness comprises of three sub-segments: means smallholder cultivating, a business sub-division, and enormous ranches (Central Bank of Solomon Islands, 2006, Annual Report 2005). Then again, the atmosphere of the Solomon Islands is changing and individuals are currently encountering expanded in force or seriousness of outrageous occasions like twisters, storm floods, floods and dry spells. These outrageous occasions are making considerable harm agribusiness and related framework with negative effect on food creation. In which, There is expanding worry over the results of environmental change on food creation among the Pacific Island Countries, Solomon Islands for example. As of now, the changing climate designs is having a few impacts soil fruitfulness, vermin and sicknesses, expanded warmth weight on plants, changes in precipitation and soil dampness, salt water attack from rising ocean levels and expanded harm on agribusiness and yields from outrageous climate occasions (Baragamu, G. 2008). Indeed, in this report it will concentrate on the impacts of environmental change on the agribusiness extension in Solomon Islands. Be that as it may, the examination will aggregate took a gander at the food security and land explicitly separated from animals, fisheries, and ranger service as a piece of farming too. Additionally, the examination sees how impacts of atmosphere changes influence land , and result in reduce of food yields, for example, taro, banana, yams, Pineapple, coconut, etc. Explanation of the difficult Well, this examination task will for the most part center around the environmental change and its impact on the farming extension in SIDS. The issue that this exploration attempted to discover it out is that, how do the SIDS will adapt to uncommon impact of environmental change if there is no enough land left for horticulture to extend, for instance low-lying lands are secured because of ocean level ascent Ontong Java for occasions. And furthermore what occurred if the harvests are influenced because of expanded of temperature, and mugginess where it urge the plants to cease to exist because of absence of underground water, and furthermore urge of nuisances to harm the yields, while it diminish the farming creations in the nation. It prompts ruin of the GDP of the economy, neediness that individuals will understanding. In which it is an issue for Solomon Islands, along these lines these examination will research on the issue, and accompany a potential answers for help them to manage issue. Noteworthiness of the investigation The hugeness of this exploration is that, to discover the most issues, and difficulties that face by the Solomon Islands regarding their farming extension as aftereffect of environmental change, and how it end the horticulture advancement at the network premise or level and to give some potential answers for help them to adapt to the evolving atmosphere. Foundation INFROMATION The nation had an expected populace of 508,000, there were nine territories in the nation Malaita is the most crowded and Renbel the least crowded. The number of inhabitants in Solomon Islands is overwhelmingly Melanesian (about 95%) despite the fact that there are littler Polynesian, Micronesian, Chinese and European people group ( Solomon Islands national registration measurement, 2007). Besides, the economy is to a great extent reliant on farming, ranger service, and angling. For a high extent of the populace (fundamentally town based), the Solomon Islands economy includes the creation of resource nourishments and different things for individual utilization. The primary thing of creation for money at the town level is copra (the dried tissue of coconut), yet in addition critical in certain regions is cocoa, showcase vegetables and marine items including fish and shells. Fare items incorporate gold, copra, wood and fish items, and cocoa (Judith A. Bennett 1978) Solomon Islands is a low-lying waterfront nation that has comparative manageable advancement challenges, including little populace, remoteness, weakness to catastrophic events, helplessness to outside stuns, and extreme reliance on global exchange and remote guide. Additionally, Solomon Islands have specific issues and worries in managing the impacts of environmental change, changeability and extraordinary occasions, and Climate change will be a significant obstacle to the accomplishment of feasible advancement in Solomon Islands. As all monetary and social divisions are probably going to be antagonistically influenced, and the expense of adjustment will be lopsidedly high, comparative with total national output (GDP) (World Bank, 2000). Topographical LOCATION INFORMATION The Solomon Islands is situated between scopes 5o South and 12o South and longitudes 1520 East and 1630 East in the Pacific Ocean, including an absolute land zone of 28, 785 square kilometers (km-2) and an Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) of 1. 34 million km-2. The land region of the Solomon Islands comprises of a twofold chain of six huge islands that make up complete 997 islands. The twofold chain of islands is portrayed as a divided island circular segment arranged along the limit between the Ontong Java Plateau-Central Pacific Basin and the Solomon Sea-Woodlark-Torres Basins. A composite bowl isolates the twofold chain of islands that make up the primary archipelago of the Solomon Islands and is the fragment of the Melanesian Island curve complex that isolates the Pacific Ocean from the Coral Sea and Solomon Sea (Geography. about Solomon 2005). Guide of Solomon Islands [pic] Source:http://maps. google. com/maps? hl=enbiw=1276bih=820bav=on. 2,or. r_gc. r_pw. wrapid=tlif130062192869311q=google+map+of+solomon) OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH †¢ To discover the impacts of environmental change on the farming creation explicitly on the food security. To see if the stop of horticultural extension influence the vocation and country in general. †¢ To discover the difficulties or issues that Solomon Islanders or ranchers were looking because of environmental change. †¢ To decide adjustment and moderation methodologies to adapt with the impact of environmental change, nearby and national level. Writing REVIEW According to Kenneth M, and Joel S (1995), they featured that horticultural creation could diminish in numerous nations, low-lying land; especially in deltas could immersed via ocean level ascent. Along these lines, they said that, environmental change could make creating nations fall farther behind created nations. In which they give models, that horticultural yield in many creating might be decreased by environmental change contrasted with what it would be without it, while many created countries could have expanded yield, since high reliance on atmosphere touchy frameworks, and quick populace development, cause creating nations will be more powerless against environmental change than created nations. Other than that, he notice that, nations with huge farming creations in deltas, for example, Egypt, Bangladesh, and China are especially powerless for a 1m ocean level ascent, in which he individuals will be in danger since they rely upon agribusiness for food and money related purposes. In which Solomon Islands experience the comparable issues as expressed by the two creators. All things considered, notwithstanding that, in the coming decades, some low-lying regions, and plain zones in Solomon Islands will very likely experience the ill effects of increasingly visit and exceptional dry seasons and floods, which will decrease yields and conceivably fuel woods leeway. Besides, as indicated by Aalbersberg, W. , Nun, P. D. , and Ravuvu, A. D. (1993), expressed that environmental change has the incredible impact on farming it could be said that expanded temperatures will cause heat weight on numerous plants, and expanded dissipation may prompt expanded dry spell, particularly in drier zones during the dry season. Other than that, expanded barometrical carbon dioxide will build plant development; quicker development will likewise decrease time development. This could diminish yields and maybe food esteems. Weeds will likewise become quicker, rivaling plants for water and soil supplements, and territories of agribusiness would move. Because of warming upland region could be planted with crops that beforehand couldn't be developed there. Ocean level ascent will guarantee beach front land that is right now for agribusiness through immersion or salination where it influence the development of farming while it cause the cost to quicken, and the economy of the SIDS will be drop. To more degree, different elements influencing agrarian yield may change in a hotter, increasingly moist south-west Pacific. The event of rural bugs may expand causing lower yields and expanded misfortune during capacity. His summarize with one proclamation which is,† Farmers are probably going to be less beneficial as temperature and mugginess increase†. All things considered, there are ways that the creators feature to moderate environmental change regarding farming, for instance Network universally, it was worldwide research to discover cultivars that are less touchy to warmth, salt and dry season pressure, and it required mechanical advancements that help us the pacific to address these issues. Be that as it may, it isn't relevant for the Solomon Islands for example, since it was extravagant in sense that it expected experts to manage this sort of trial and very interest. And furthermore, they didn’t seen the basic issues of protection from heat, salt since pacific islands are encircled by seas, and despite the fact that they discover those cultivars however they don't suite the atmosphere conditions in the pacific. The hole of t

Use Of Symbolism In The Catcher In The Rye and The Great Gatsby Essay

Utilization Of Symbolism In â€Å"The Catcher In The Rye† and â€Å"The Great Gatsby† There are numerous journalists like James Joyce, Patrick Kananach and Thomas Moore who use imagery to pass on and bolster circuitous importance in their compositions. J.D. Salinger and F. Scott Fitzgerald both use imagery in comparable manners. In both â€Å"The Catcher In The Rye† and â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, the creators utilized imagery to pass on feelings and reality.      In â€Å"The Catcher In The Rye†, J.D. Salinger utilizes Holden’s red chasing top, the displays at the Museum of Natural History and â€Å"kings in the back row† as images whose implications help recount to the story. Holden’s red chasing cap represents Holden’s dissatisfaction with grown-up society and fakes. Despite the fact that, Holden and his cap are strange in New York, he adores this cap since it exhibits his distinction and autonomy from different children his age. He turns out to be increasingly more connected to his cap since he feels like a catcher in the rye when he wears the cap. Holden can't relinquish his cap, similar to he can't relinquish his adolescence. The Museum of Natural History is utilized to mean Holden’s dread of progress. Holden appreciates taking a gander at the mummies and the shows at the historical center since they never show signs of change and are solidified in time. Holden understands that he changes each time he returns and sees the displays, however the shows don't change. He wishes that his youth world would keep going forever like his displays. Salinger likewise utilizes the setting of New York City as an image. Despite the fact that H...

Bartolome de Las Casas, the Devastation of the Indies Essay Sample free essay sample

Furthermore, of all the boundless presence of humankind. these individuals are the most straightforward. the most fruitless of shrewdness and falseness. the most submissive and dedicated to their local Masterss and to the Spanish Christians whom they serve. They are commonly the most low. quiet. what's more, harmony adoring. keeping no scores. liberated from imbroglios. neither edgy nor factious. These individuals are the most fruitless of feelings of hatred. abhors. or on the other hand want for reprisal of any individuals known to mankind. What's more, since they are so powerless and obliging. they are less ready to process overwhelming work and in a matter of seconds shakers of no issue what ailment. The boies of Lords among us. raised in the delights in life’s polishs. are not any more fragile than are these Indians. indeed, even those among them who are of the most minimal position of workers. They are other than hapless individuals. for they non just have close to nothin g however want to have common products. For this ground they are non chesty. upset. or on the other hand insatiable. Their dinners are with the end goal that the supplement of the sanctum male guardians in the desert can scarcely be increasingly penurious. pantie. also, hapless. With respect to their dress. they are all around exposed. with simply their pudenda secured marginally. Furthermore, when they spread their shoulders it is with a square texture close to two varas in size. They have no beds. in any case, rest on a kind of tangling or, more than likely in a kind of suspended the internet called hamacas. They are truly perfect in their people. with qui vive. wise heads. tame and loosened to tenet. truly arranged to have our blessed Catholic religion. to be invested with righteous imposts. what's more, to act in a respectful way. What's more, once they start to hear the newss of the Faith. they are so monotonous on cognizing more and on taking the holy observances of the Church and on identifying the Godhead clique that. truly. the preachers who are here should be supplied by God with extraordinary restraint so as to get by with such energy. A portion of the common Spaniards who have been here for some, mature ages state that the decency of the Indians is verifiable and that if this capable individuals could be brought to cognize the one genuine God they would be the most lucky individuals in the world†¦ . The normal ways essentially utilized by the Spaniards who call themselves Christian and who have gone at that spot to remove those despicable states and disregard them off the Earth is by treacherously captivating coldblooded and grisly wars. At that point. at the point when they have killed each one of the individuals who battled for their lives or to escape the anguishs they would hold to process. that is to state. at the point when they have killed all the local swayers and youthful work powers ( since the Spaniards ordinarily save simply the grown-up females and children. who are exposed to the hardest and bitterest bondage ever endured by grown-up male or creature ) . they subjugate any subsisters. With these diabolical techniques for autocracy they degrade and debilitate interminable Numberss of those wretched Indian states. Their ground for slaughtering and destructing such an unbounded figure of minds is that the Christians have an extreme reason. which is to get gold. also, to expand themselves with riches in a truly concise clasp and in this way ascend to a high bequest lopsided to their ideals. It ought to be kept in head that their insatiate covetousness and goal. the best ever found known to mankind. is the r eason for their villainousnesss. Furthermore. those grounds are so rich and well suited. the local people groups so gentle and tolerant. so natural to subject. that our Spaniards have no more thought for them than creatures. Also, I state this from my ain insight of the Acts of the Apostless I saw. In any case, I ought to non state â€Å"than beasts† for. much obliged be to God. they have treated creatures with some respect ; I should state on the other hand comparable body squander on the open squares†¦ . I one time observed this. when there were four or five Indian Lords lashed on lattices and ignition ; I appear to be even to recall that there were a few supports of frameworks where others were terminating. what's more, since they expressed such noisy yells that they upset the Spanish captain’s sleep. he requested them to be choked. Also, the constable. who was more terrible than a killer. did non want to comply with that request ( and I know the name of that constable and cognize his relations in Seville ) . however, then again put a stick over the victims’ linguas. so they could non do a sound. what's more, he worked up the fire. be that as it may, non exorbitantly much. wi th the goal that they cooked simple. as he loved. I saw every one of these things I have depicted. also, interminable others. What's more, since all the individuals who could make so fled to the mountains to escape these barbaric. savage. furthermore, wild Acts of the Apostless. the Spanish chiefs. adversaries of humankind. sought after them with the brutal Canis familiariss they kept which assaulted the Indians. cracking them to pieces and eating up them. Also, in light of the fact that on rare events. the Indians legitimately murdered a few Christians. the Spaniards made a guideline among themselves that for each Christian killed by the Indians. they would kill a 100 Indians†¦ . Among the outstanding resentments they submitted was the 1 they executed against a cazique. an extremely of import baronial. by name Hatuey. who had come to Cuba from Hispaniola with a considerable lot of his kin. to fly the fiascoes and cold Acts of the Apostless of the Christians. At the point when he was told by specific Indians that the Christians were currently coming to Cuba. he gathered the same number of his following s as he could and said this to them: â€Å"Now you should cognize that they are expressing the Christians are coming here. furthermore, you know by experience how they put So thus. furthermore, different Lords to a terminal. What's more, presently they are originating from Haiti ( which is Hispaniola ) to make the equivalent here. Cause you to cognize why they do this? † The Indians answered: â€Å"We do non cognize. However, it might be that they are ordinarily mischievous and coldblooded. † And he let them know: â€Å"No. they do non move simply thus. but since they have a God they enormously love and they need us to love that God. furthermore, that is the reason they battle with us and able us and execute us. †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ He had a bin brimming with gold and diamonds and he stated: â€Å"You see their God here. the God of the Christians. On the off chance that you consent to it. permit us move for this God. who knows. it might charm the God of the Christians thus they will make us no injury. † And his followings said. all together. â€Å"Yes. that is acceptable. that is acceptable! † And they moved round the container of gold until they tumbled down depleted. At that point their head. the cazique Hatuey. said to them: â€Å"See here. in the event that we keep this container of gold they will take it from us and will plug up by executing us. So permit us anticipate away the crate into the stream. † They all consented to make this. also, they flung the bin of gold into the waterway that was close by. This cazique. Hatuey. was perpetually flying before the Christians from the clasp they showed up on the island of Cuba. since he knew them and of what they were skilled. Presently thus they experienced him and he shielded himself. be that as it may, they inevitably murdered him. Furthermore, they did this for the select ground that he had fled from those coldblooded and devilish Christians and had shielded himself against them. Furthermore, when they had caught him and the same number of his followings as they could. they consumed them all at the intrigue. At the point when attached to the intrigue. the cazique Hatuey was told by a Franciscan homeless person who was available. an open maverick. something about the God of the Christians and of the articles of the Faith. What's more, he was determined what he could make in the concise clasp that stayed to him. so as to be spared and t ravel to Heaven. The cazique. who had neer heard any of this previously. what's more, was advised he would make a trip to Inferno where in the event that he did non follow the Christian Faith. he would bear imperishable torment. inquired as to whether Christians all went to Heaven. When informed that they did he said he would want to venture out to Hell. Such is the big name and grant that God and our Faith have earned through the Christians who have gone out to the Indies.

How to Cite the Gettysburg Address

How to Cite the Gettysburg Address (0) In November of 1863, at the height of the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln delivered one of the most well-known speeches in history. Though it only lasted two minutes, the Gettysburg Address eloquently expressed the pressing need to instill the principle of human equality in a divided nation. To celebrate President Abraham Lincoln this President’s Day, let’s take a look at how to cite his most famous speech in MLA, APA, and Chicago. To cite an address/speech, properly, you must identify the following pieces of information: Speaker first and last name Editor’s name, if there is one Speech title Date speech was given If Found in a Book: Book title (where speech was found) Book author’s first and last name Publisher of the book Year the book was published City and state of publisher Page range where the speech/address was found If Found in an Online Transcript: Title of the article Title of the Webpage (if different from the article) Speech location Publisher of the article Date article was published URL of the website that the article was retrieved from Use the following structure to cite the Gettysburg Address in MLA style: Formula if Found in a Book Speaker Last Name, First Name. “Speech Title.” Year Given. Book Title, by Author First Name Last Name, Publisher, Year Published. MLA Example: Lincoln, Abraham. “The Gettysburg Address.” 1863. America’s Most Famous Speeches, by Dale Salwak, Random House, 1984. Formula if in an Online Transcript Speaker Last Name, First Name. “Speech Title.” Year Given. Title of Article, Publisher, Date Published, URL. MLA Example: Lincoln, Abraham. “The Gettysburg Address.” 1863. The Story of Abraham Lincoln, The National Archives, 10 Jan. 2017, www.nationalarchives.gov/abraham-lincoln. Use the following structure to cite the Gettysburg Address in APA style: Formula if Found in a Book Speech title.  (Year Book Published). In Editor Initial. Last Name (Ed.), Book title (pp. x-x). City, State: Publisher. Example APA Book Citation: The Gettysburg address. (1984). In F. Ballard (Ed.), Americas great speeches (pp. 43-45). New York, NY: Random House. Formula in an Online Transcript Author’s Last name, F.M. (Year page published). Title of the article or individual page [Format]. Retrieved from URL Example: Lincoln, A. (2017). The Gettysburg address [Transcript]. Retrieved from www.nationalarchives.gov/abraham-lincoln. Use the following structure to cite the Gettysburg Address in Chicago style format: Formula in a Book Speaker Last Name, First Name. “Speech Title.” Year Given. In Book Title, edited by Editor First Name Last Name. City/State: Publisher, Year Published. Example: Lincoln, Abraham. The Gettysburg Address. 1863. In America’s Most Famous Speeches, edited by Frank Ballard. New York: Random House, 1984. Formula if Found in an Online Transcript Speaker Last Name, First Name. “Speech Title.” Speech, Location, Date Given. “Webpage Title,” Website Title. Accessed Date. URL. Example: Lincoln, Abraham. Gettysburg Address. Speech, Gettysburg, PA, November 19, 1863. “American Speeches”, National Archives. Accessed January 7, 2017. www.nationalarchives.gov/abraham-lincoln. For more help with citing, in text citations, creating an APA cover page, and more, try ’s citation tools.

Deans QA Lynn Wooten, Cornell Dyson

Deans QA: Lynn Wooten, Cornell Dyson by: Pearly Tan on August 09, 2019 | 0 Comments Comments 382 Views August 9, 2019Lynn Wooten is Dean of the Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management at Cornell University. Courtesy photoGrowing up in Philadelphia, Lynn Wooten says business school was always in her blood. With Villanova, Temple, and The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, the City of Brotherly Love is a hotbed for business education. Whats more, Wooten says, her mother, father, and aunt all graduated from business school.â€Å"I spent the first 15 years of my life in Philadelphia. My mom was one of 10 children — six girls and four boys. And of the girls, two are in business, three in teaching, and one in social work,† Wooten says with a laugh. â€Å"My work as dean of Dyson is a little bit of everything they do.†Wooten is the David J. Nolan Dean and professor of management and organizations at the Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management at Cornell University. But really, she says, she’s in â€Å"the business of caring.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Every student who comes through my office, I treat like they’re my child,† Wooten explains. Her actual daughter is a rising senior in college while her son graduated from the School of Hotel Administration at Cornell University and is starting law school in Michigan, where Wooten spent most of her adult life and 19 years of her career.According to the PoetsQuants 2018 list of best undergraduate business schools, Dyson ranks 7th nationwide on a list of 88 schools, ahead of business schools at the University of California-Berkeley, The College of William Mary, and Georgetown University.We spoke with Wooten to find out about the challenges she faced as dean, changes she’s seen in the industry, and what more business students can do to help their careers.  PQ: What values are most important to you as dean?Wooten: The three values I hold closest to my heart are excellence, community, and learning.  I went to college at 18 and I never left. I loved college so much I continued all through to my Ph.D. I believe in communities and believe that even great leaders need a village. I’m always grateful that the communities I’ve been a part of, including my family and extended family, have taught me the importance of giving back.  I lived in Ann Arbor, Michigan, for 25 years, and that’s the community that raised me. Many of those people were a generation older than me, and they were outstanding mentors.  What have been some challenges you’ve faced in your career?I had kids when I was young, I was 28, right when I finished my Ph.D. I had to learn how to live an integrated life with family, and there’s a seven-year gap between my son and daughter. I became pregnant just as I became a young assistant professor at the University of Florida. I got married, became pregnant, and became a professor all at the same time. Back then, I had to manage both my civic and personal life to have a productive life.  Today, I’ve been in office since 2011 and I wake up every morning thinking about how I can create transformational change with every point I touch as the dean of the undergrad program.As dean, transformational change is about helping students achieve academic excellence and learn to learn. The second thing is how to create opportunities for students to lead, and create students who want to lead. They need to understand that we are all leaders and we can lead from any place. It’s also crucial that students embark on successful business careers where they will also use their business acumen to make the world a better place. Whether they’re concerned about health and security, or food and access, whether they are in education or the private sector, I hope the students want to give back to the community. Fourthly, students need to think about a lifelong career that gives them fulfillment, and lastly, with over 3,000 students minoring in business, they need to be prepared to integrate their business learning into their other work.Having a family and being part of a family has been one of the biggest joys of my life, but I’ve learned that you can’t have everything at the same moment, and it doesn’t mean you can’t have everything over a lifetime. I’ve learned so much from being a wife and parent that I wouldn’t have gotten from a workplace or from community service. I’ve spent hours and hours working while the kids are asleep, and dragged my children to most college campuses I’ve had to be on, but in the process, I’ve learned that everyone’s magic formula is different, so go with the flow and enjoy it all.  Dean Wooten helps celebrate members of Dysons graduating Class of 2018. Courtesy photo.How did you get into higher education?I always wanted to be an academic. One of my favorite toys as a child was a chalkboard, where I gave lessons. My first job was as a girl scouts counselor. I also taught Sunday School at church, and with the inspiration of my dad who was an art history professor, I knew I wanted to be a university-level teacher. I could not imagine not being on a college campus where I get to teach, make knowledge, do research, and stay young.  What has been the best thing you’ve done for your career?Women tend to be risk-averse and make career moves only if they are safe and have the competencies to do it. The best things I’ve done for my career is being open to mentorship and learning, whether it’s reverse mentors, senior mentors, or peer mentors, and opening myself up to opportunities, whether it’s a research project or something else.I’ve been open enough to walk through doors and try new things, believing in it as part of a learning journey, and it’s allowed me to become part of research that’s been published in major journals and received notable grants.What are some of the trends and changes you’ve seen in business and business education?When I went to undergrad in 1984, no one was majoring in business, especially women of color. Now business is the most popular undergraduate course in the U.S. The â€Å"hotness of business† is definitely not something that existed before.  Finance also wasn’t such a big career path before, rather it was accounting that was popular.  The other thing is that students think that being able to code is a new trend, but I was taking cloud-based computing classes when I was an undergrad.Another change I’ve seen is the international integration of business and liberal arts. The two used to be so separate, and now we have students majoring in finance and psychology. I think we’ve realized that the best employees are students who have an integrated mindset, who use the liberal arts to speak to business.  What is something that keeps you up at night and what do students need to do more of?Increasing college tuition keeps me up. I think that an excellent college product is one that is accessible to all, especially since I see our students as one of my own. My job is to ensure they thrive wherever they come from and wherever they go, that they all have access to opportunities, and that the faculty and staff are equipped to facilitate this.I think more people need to dedicate time to reading fiction and non-fiction.  With my generation, reading was a popular hobby because it opened up so many worlds. The library was one of my favorite places as a child and I continue to have a structured reading process with The New York Times, The Washington Post, and Chronicle of Higher Education.The other thing is to learn about different cultures. You don’t have to travel, all these cultures are often right there on your college campus, in your neighborhood. Student s need to develop a cultural intelligence where you have a curiosity about other cultures.I am currently reading The Courage Way: Leading and Living with Integrity by Shelly Francis. When I think about my faculty and staff, I want to build an everyone culture. I need to build a culture where learning is a mission for everyone, not just students.  What current affairs topic is closest to your heart?The lack of community. People don’t get along anymore and it’s becoming acceptable to talk in a way that is not civil.Community is my top value, and the racism, sexism, and how we treat immigrants really troubles me.Share with us an experience you had with failure and disappointmentI remember the first time I received a rejection for a journal article. In our career, it’s publish or perish and rejection letters aren’t all nice. I sat down, took in the feedback and thought about how I could get up and make the paper better.  In my career, it’s about in novating curriculum and some things will work while others won’t. If we want to get anywhere, we need to be receptive to feedback to improve our teaching and administrative practice.  The best advice I have is that when you’re experiencing failure, you must learn from it and pick yourself up. So, make sure to surround yourself with community to cheer you on.  DONT MISS: ACCEPTANCE RATES AT THE TOP UNDERGRAD B-SCHOOLS or BUSINESS SCHOOLS WITH THE BEST COLLEGE EXPERIENCE Page 1 of 11

Essay On Youth Drug And Alcohol Abuse - 904 Words

Youth Drug Alcohol Abuse A large number of youths’ battle with substance dismantlement each year. School-based aversion and treatment programs have attempted to battle the major issues that originate from liquor and medication utilization, yet the measurements appear to just be deteriorating. As indicated by Shekhtmeyster, Sharkey, and You (2011), youthful substance builds the danger of huge psychological wellness issues, for example, sorrow, nervousness, and reliance upon these substances (p.386). A clearer comprehension of successful factors inside substance exploiting projects ought to be inspected and assessed so as to enhance future counteractive action and treatment programs went for aiding in danger youth with substance abuse.†¦show more content†¦Mixed Methods. A mixed methods approach consolidates the utilization of qualitative research and quantitative research to illuminate each other and increment legitimacy. Sheperis, Young, and Daniels (2010) clarify t hat mixed methods configuration is a perfect system for counseling research since the qualitative research indicates how counselors connect with clients and the quantitative research demonstrates how counselors conceptualize client issues. Considerations when choosing to utilize a mixed methods configuration are: decide the request you will actualize the qualitative and quantitative parts of your examination, decide the noteworthiness that will be given to the data, decide how the two sorts of data will be joined, and decide the hypothesis that will manage your plan (Sheperis, Young, and Daniels, 2010, p.193). Quantitative Designs. The objective of quantitative research is to depict a marvel or make derivations in view of a specific wonder by utilizing an expansive number of members and quantifiable, objective hard data that permit statistical control and generalizability crosswise over different populations (Sheperis, Young, Daniels, 2010). Overviews and test methods take into account extensiveShow MoreRelatedDrug Abuse And Adolescent Risky Behavior884 Words   |  4 Pagesput themselves at risk in order to have these novel experiences (p. 392). This essay will attempt to discuss how the brain is developing, being impacted, and, how spiritual development effects adolescent risky behavior. Risky behaviors can include any behavior that is seen by most as deviant social behavior. For example, drug abuse, sexual promiscuity, eating disorders, alcohol abuse, etc. These behaviors occur in youth for a number of reasons and can range from being mild to severe. Some reasonsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency, A And Violent Criminal Activities1530 Words   |  7 PagesAngel Martinez Sociology 348 March 26, 2016 Juvenile Delinquency Analytical Essay In the country we live in today the number of juvenile delinquents in America has grown rapidly. There are many different theories on why society may think juveniles commit crimes. Some believe it can be due to that lack of attention or their low self-esteem and even the lack of support they receive from their parents. Delinquency is found in all nations and is particularly popular in highly industrialized nationsRead MoreAgainst The Legalization Of Drugs1671 Words   |  7 PagesAgainst the Legalization of Drugs Legalization of drugs is an increasingly hot topic in today’s society. It is one of that needs vast advancements in research and treatment for addicts to prevent the moral and legal obligations, as well as the severe health ramifications that come along with addiction of these powerful drugs. To legalize drugs would be detrimental to the family unit as well as our youth and have serious health consequences at an alarming rate. James Q. Wilson, author of, â€Å"AgainstRead MoreEffects Of Soft Drugs On Society, And On Adolescent Youth1605 Words   |  7 Pages1 Introduction I have written this essay in response to the essay prompt Recreational use of soft drugs such as marijuana or ecstasy is less harmful than alcohol consumption and therefore should be decriminalised. In this essay I will talk about the effects that soft drugs have on society, and on adolescent youth. I will also talk about my position on this matter, and what I believe is the right course of action to take in regards to the essay prompt. After learning about the issues regardingRead MoreEssay on Youth Suicide1214 Words   |  5 PagesYouth Suicide Introduction Suicide is a tragic event. It has a profound personal effect on all associated with the person who died. Families, friends and society as a whole are affected. There is a particular poignancy when the suicide is that of a young person at the threshold of life. Australia has the fifth highest suicide rate per 100 000 persons in the world. While suicide is highest among males, suicide attempts are higher among females and youth suicideRead MoreAddiction: More Than Just a Word Essay example1279 Words   |  6 Pagespointing out the dangers of alcohol.† (Kramer, LizSprague, Nancy, Alcohol Abuse Youth: An Overview). Children do not understand the effectiveness of something powerful like alcohol. They do, however, understand that alcohol can cause a person to become intoxicated. From seeing it on TV, they think it is fun. Also, children do not really pay attention to the awkward conversations they have with their parents. 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Thought the course of this essay I will also be touching on the various effects, that come with the continuousRead MoreSociological Imagination1059 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout this essay the sociological imagination is used to analyse the historical, cultural and structural reasons for drug use and abuse. Within this parameter the sociological imagination is applied, using studies research conducted in the United Kingdom, Australia, Russia and the United States. The sociological imagination was defined by Charles Write Mills as a ‘quality of mind’. (Mills quoted by Germov, Poole 20 07: 4 ) It is stimulated by an awareness to view the social world by looking at

Genetically Modified Foods ( Or Gm Foods ) - 1682 Words

Genetically modified foods (or GM foods) will be foods delivered from organisms that have had particular progressions brought into their DNA utilizing the systems for hereditary engineering. These strategies have taken into consideration the presentation of new traits and in addition a far more prominent control over a food s hereditary structure than formerly managed by routines, for example, selective breeding and change breeding. Business offer of genetically modified crops started in 1994, when Calgene initially marketed its Flavr Savr deferred ripening tomato. GM livestock have additionally been tentatively created, despite the fact that as of November 2013 none are as of now on the market For my exposition I have chosen the technology of hereditary engineering with its application in the field of generation of genetically modified food. This paper will investigate a large portion of the social and ethical issues connected with Genetically Modified Foods (GMO s) in our food supply. Particular center will be given to the specialized parts of hereditary alteration, conceivable positive and negative impacts of genetically modified foods, laws on genetically modified foods in the United States. The objective by covering these differing themes is to help the peruser be generally educated of all perspectives in regards to genetically modified foods so they can go to their ethical stance. We recommend that the administration make a law obliging the marking of all GMOShow MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Foods ( Gm Foods )1203 Words   |  5 Pages Genetically modified food tendency in market during recent years Genetically modified foods (or GM foods) are foods produced from organisms that have had specific changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. These techniques have allowed for the introduction of new traits as well as a far greater control over a food s genetic structure than previously afforded by methods such as selective breeding and mutation breeding (GM SCIENCE REVIEW first report P9). The termRead MoreGenetically Modified Food ( Gm Food ) Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesHunger and malnutrition of the rapidly growing human population is one of the major problem faced by the present world. Genetically modified food (GM Food) is the solution offered by our scientific community to cope with this problem.The food produced on a massive scale, by direct or indirect involvement of genetically manipulated organisms is called genetically modified food. Advancement of Biotechnology resulted in a novel method of artificial genetic manipulation called Genetic engineering. ItRead MoreGenetically Modified Food ( Gm Food )1724 Words   |  7 Pagesapplied to different fields such as animal biology, agriculture, or in microorganism. [8] Ever since the first genetically modified food (GM food)- Flavr Savr tomato- was invented in 1994 [16], genetically modified food has been at the center of controversy in terms of its suitability for human consumption and its effect on the biodiversity of naturally evolved organisms. Monsanto is the largest GM seed producer in North America to the extend that â€Å"80 percent of U.S. corn and 93 percent of soy grown fromRead MoreGenetically Modified Food and Gm Foods4570 Words   |  19 Pageswhat they eat. The relationship humans have with food is unappreciated. Food is the fuel that keeps humans going, gives them the energy needed to be creative and productive; it is the building block of society, a fter all, it wasn’t until the Neolithic Era, when humans figured out a way to domesticate plants and animals, that any form of organized society formed. Even during the previous hunter-gatherer foraging era, humans were very connected to the food they ate; understanding where it came and havingRead More50 Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified (Gm) Foods14312 Words   |  58 Pages50 HARMFUL EFFECTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) FOODS In a sentence This article outlines the many harmful effects of GM or genetically-modified foods (known also as genetically-engineered foods) and representng lab-created GMOs or genetically-modified organisms. By Nathan Batalion, ND We are confronted with what is undoubtedly the single most potent technology the world has ever known - more powerful even than atomic energy. Yet it is being released throughout our environment andRead MoreAre Genetically Modified Foods Safe and Nutritious? Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesAre Genetically Modified Foods Safe and Nutritious Genetically modified (GM) foods have taken over the traditional methods of farming by now being planted in over a quarter of the world’s farm land and it is essential that they are labeled for all consumers to see. These genetically modified foods have taken a toll on not only the environment, but human health as well. Those that agree with the genes of crops and other foods being spliced to create a more â€Å"beneficial† product for man state thatRead MoreMandatory Labeling Of Genetically Modified Foods1726 Words   |  7 PagesMandatory Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods The late nineteenth century brought forth some of the most breakthrough scientific discoveries. One such breakthrough were Genetically Engineered (Modified) Organisms which were initially meant to reduce world hunger by being able to mass produce crops and also allow the produce to have a longer shelf life and be more ripe. However, the increasing methods of germinating crops and new, more compelling evidence from thorough scientific research has ledRead MoreGm Food Research Paper1341 Words   |  6 PagesAre Genetically Modified Food Harmful to Human Health? Genetically Modified food is a technology that changes the genetic information of living organisms to make them more useful to human. This new technology was created through the combination of different genes from different living organisms. Genetically Modified food could be utilized in medicines, vaccines, foods, and other food ingredients (Genetically Modified Foods and Organisms). However, the most significant advantage of GM (GeneticallyRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Foods1647 Words   |  7 Pages What foods are genetically modified? Well, most food that â€Å"contains sugar from sugar beets, soy, or corn,† is genetically modified (Mercola, 2015, p. 4). Most people consume genetically modified, or GM, foods every day without even being aware. While some do avidly monitor their food consumption and avoid GM foods, others simply eat GM foods because, to them, GM foods seem safe to consume. In â€Å"Genetically Modified Foods Are Not Safe to Eat,† o steopath, Joseph Mercola, advocates his concerns of consumingRead MoreWhat Is Gm Foods And The Process Of Producing Gm Food Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagespaper will explain the meaning GM foods and the process of producing GM foods. Furthermore, some of the GM foods available in the market today will be enumerated. A brief explanation of the genetic alteration made to the some of the GM foods mentioned in the paper will be enumerated. Since the genetic engineering of foods has always been a controversial topic in the society, this paper will address some the concerns the society has about the consumption of GM foods. Furthermore, a section will be

Abortion Is A Controversial Topic - 1861 Words

Abortion is a highly controversial topic. The definition of an abortion is â€Å"the deliberate termination of a pregnancy†. Pro-lifers believe that life is precious, and should not be allowed to be ripped away because of another person’s mistake. Pro-choicer’s believe that it should ultimately be women’s decisions, seeing as they are the ones most directly involved. Both have arguments and counterarguments, neither being able to find a common ground. As society is developing, more people are beginning to lighten their views on life. They are starting to look at small details, such as what society will thing, instead of looking at the big picture. Nevertheless, the amount of women choosing to get an abortion is slowly inclining. Be that as it†¦show more content†¦Less common, but still apparent symptoms include: â€Å"cramping of the uterus or pelvis, warmth, chills, headaches, fatigue, loss of fertility, hemorrhages, and in rare cases, death.â € (TDOH). Abortion and Cancer records indicate that â€Å"the rates of cervical, ovarian, breast and liver cancer are greatly increased by abortion† (ACCA). In her article Abortion Risks, Melinda Reist states â€Å"women with a history of one abortion face a 2.3 times higher risk of having cervical cancer†. In addition to the damages of cervices â€Å"women who receive abortions often have difficulty conceiving or carrying future children to term† (ACCA). According to studies by the Elliot Institute â€Å"30% to 50% of women report experiencing sexual dysfunctions† as well. Most women receiving abortions do not consider the worst risk, death. The statistics from the Texas Department of Health display â€Å"there is one death per every 530,000 abortions at 8 weeks or less, one death per 17,000 abortions in 16-20 weeks, and one death per 6,000 for 21 weeks and over†. There are obvious elements of an abortion that can compromise a women’s p hysical well-being. The physical effects can be tremendous, especially when accompanied by emotional effects also. There are many emotional difficulties that can stem from receiving an abortion. The Rhode Island Right to Life Organization explains â€Å"many women who have abortions are extremely uneasy about

Dystopian Society In 1984 By George Orwell, And Harrison...

Imagine a world in which people were controlled by fear. Dystopian societies are mostly controlled by a mean and power hungry leader which makes it hard for the citizens grow, themselves and have their own thoughts.Some of the citizens don’t really know they are being controlled and others are wide awake but scared to speak up and rebel against this power hungry leaders. The works â€Å"1984 by George Orwell, â€Å"Brave New world by Aldous Huxley, and Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut all have dystopian elements with varying degrees of sacrifice and gain. In general dystopian societies offer being equal and unwanted thoughts; however, citizens sacrifice differences, self control, and freedom of the mind which as shown in the text can lead to†¦show more content†¦In 1984, freedom of say and do was being sacrificed because the citizens of Oceania had to think the same and act the same or they will be â€Å"vaporize† or torture to love big brother. In t his quote â€Å"the picture had fallen to the floor uncovering the telescreen behind it, now we can see you† (Owell 182-183) explains how the citizens of Oceania can’t say there own thoughts freely because thinking outside the box or beyond will cause people to rebel or act against big brother. In Brave New World self control is being sacrificed. This quote â€Å"everyone one works for every one else, we can’t do without any one, even Epsilons.†(Huxley 91) explains how one citizens who is John the savage lets us think how it only affects the people who are in control and not the people they are controlling.In Harrison Bergeron, people had to sacrifice differences in people and body image which they forced their citizens to be handicap. This quote â€Å"not only were the laws of the land abandoned, but the law of gravity and the laws of motions as well.†(Vonnegut 44) explains Everyone sacrifices something for their own good or for the future generat ion but is the sacrifices worth it? Yes I do believe there sacrifices are worth it because of all the benefits they get like happiness, equality and protection. The benefits the citizens sacrifices are worth it because no one is left out but if they left outShow MoreRelatedThe Dystopian Novel, By George Orwell, And Andrew Niccol s `` Harrison Bergeron ``1222 Words   |  5 Pagesstrength (Orwell 7) this is one of the very many slogans that were used to control society in George Orwell s piece 1984. Dystopian literature is a futuristic universe that is oppressive and uses bureaucratic, totalitarian, and/or technological control to control society. In Orwell s Dystopian book 1984, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr s short story Harrison Bergeron, and Andrew Niccol s film In time, there are many examples of a Dystopia is that contain a lot of comparisons between the stories. Dystopian literatureRead MoreA Dystopian Society By George Orwell954 Words   |  4 PagesA dystopian society is one with re stricted freedom, whose values are worshipped by citizens who live in fear of surveillance or punishment. In 1984 by George Orwell, the protagonist lives in a futuristic world, controlled by big brother and the inner party over aspects of human life. In Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut Jr, the fear of egalitarian policies, and the dangers of equality take over. In The Purge by James DeMonaco, the citizens relief to self-regulate violence and to protect themselvesRead MorePerfection And Utter Disaster : A Utopian Society1500 Words   |  6 Pagesline exists between perfection and utter disaster. A society may appear to be idealistic from the outside looking in, but in reality, knowledgeable people living in these worlds know deep down that the society is corrupt. A utopian society is considered â€Å"an imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect† (â€Å"Utopia†). Since a utopian society is not realistically feasible, it generally spirals into a dystopia. This is a society identified by â€Å"human misery, as squalor, oppression, diseaseRead MoreA Dystopia Is Not A Contemporary Idea2159 Words   |  9 PagesA dystopia is an unpleasant and repressive society which usually has the intent to make equality an opportunity for all. 1984 and â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† are two examples of dystopia literature. In each, technological advances and psychological stimuli is designed to overwhelm an individuals thought. Based upon these pieces of literature, is it possible for a utopia exist? For clarification purposes, there are some definitions to keep in mind when reading this essay. The dictionary defines a utopiaRead MoreGeorge Orwell s The Film V For Vendetta Directed By James Mcteigue1989 Words   |  8 PagesIn society, people often look up to our government to provide honourable and righteous justice that upholds our basic human rights .Through the analysis of dystopian texts including 1984 written by George Orwell, Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut Jr, and the film V for Vendetta directed by James Mcteigue, the concept of a totalitarian government that exerts control over to the senses is explored throughout all these texts. The stripping of privacy and freedom demonstrates this control over the massRead MoreDystopian Heroes1106 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian Heroes A dystopian society mainly asks one question and that is, â€Å"What if?† Typically, their government, beliefs, and way of life are different from what we would find normal. All the literary works demonstrate a society unlike ours including: To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Harrison Vonnegut, â€Å"The Pedestrian† by Ray Bradbury, Anthem by Ayn Rand, 1984 by George Orwell, and Life As We Knew ItRead MoreA Utopia By George Orwell1993 Words   |  8 PagesThe world is entrenched in a perpetual search to become a better place: trying to advance technology and society to reach high standards. It is continually working towards perfection with an end goal of achieving a utopia. However, the end goal may never be reached because after all, most utopias become dystopias. Utopias are meant to be impeccable societies with perfect life and people. The downfall i s that the quality of flawlessness is not attainable. There are selfish people everywhere who takeRead MoreComparing The Station Twelve And Brave New World By Aldous Huxley1112 Words   |  5 PagesIn my report I have chosen to examine the four texts of ‘Station Eleven’ by Emily Mandel, ‘Brave New World’ by Aldous Huxley, ‘1984’ by George Orwell and ‘Harrison Bergeron’ by Kurt Vonnegut from the dystopian genre. Throughout these texts, I studied the two connections: the use of Shakespeare and the setting of a totalitarian government. The texts Station Eleven and Brave New World both use Shakespeare as a symbol of art and culture. In Station Eleven, Mandel uses this symbol to tell us how importantRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Critical Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesthinking and a free flow of ideas. But in some societies, governments try to keep their people ignorant. Usually, this is so governments can keep people under control and hold on to their power. In trying to keep people from the realities of the world, these oppressive governments can end up damaging or even destroying their society. The protagonist of Fahrenheit 451 is Guy Montag, who has spent his life in a state of ignorance, like most people in his society. In fact, he works as a fireman, a feared

Financial analysis of BG and Shell Free Essays

INTRODUCTION According to the requirements stipulated in this assignment, this essay would be analysing two companies: BG group Plc and Royal Dutch Shell Plc. Both companies are oil and gas producers and they operate in the integrated natural oil and gas industry. They are involved in the exploration, development, production, and marketing of gas and oil. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial analysis of BG and Shell or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are both quoted in the oil and gas industry sector of the FTSE 100 index. a. Background of the Oil and Gas Industry Over the last 50 years, the oil and gas industry has been by far the most successful industry in Britain; providing employment to 380,000 people, adding ?4 billion a year to balance payments and a massive investment over the last 25 years by ?150 billion. This sector has reinforced the British economy by supplying the energy and necessary chemicals for its transport industry and homes. Additionally, since the 1970s, the oil and gas industry generated ?150 billion in taxes and valuable export revenues. b. Royal Dutch Shell Royal Dutch Shell is a Multinational corporation consisting of two companies: Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., of Hague, Netherland, and Shell Transport and Trading Corporation PLC of London, England. These two companies commenced as rivals. In early 1897, Marcus Samuel took over his father’s business and began selling kerosene. After this, he shifted to the oil industry in East Asia and created Shell Transport and Trading Co., Ltd. At same time, in 1890 the Royal Dutch Co was established by a group of Dutch businessmen (Mallin, 2006). The aim of the company was to explore the Oil Wells in the Dutch Indies. To achieve these targets, in 1892 it constructed the first refinery in Sumatra, Indonesia. It was not until 1907 when the two firms merged to become the Royal Dutch Shell Group. The company has become known in different countries such as Egypt, Mexico, Iraq, Romania, Russia and Venezuela. Shell emerged as the largest energy company and the second largest company globally regardin g its revenues. The main interests of this company are liquefied natural gas and petrochemicals, aviation, shipping, and automotive fuels. c. BG group Plc. BG Group plc is one of the most successful companies in the FTSE 100 index. It operates in the integrated natural oil and gas market and engages in the exploration, development, production, and marketing of gas and oil. The company’s headquarters is in Thames Valley Park in Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom. It is an international firm which operates in 25 countries across the world and produces 680 000 barrels of oil per day (Jahn et al., 2008). The company was founded in 1997 when British Gas plc divested Centrica and became BG plc, which was reorganised in 1999 as BG Group plc (Bryant, 2003). Question 1: Analyse the liquidity, profitability and use of short term assets and liabilities of the two companies you have chosen and compare the ratios with the sector average and explain how the two shares have performed compared with the FTSE during the last financial year. In order to assess the liquidity situation of both companies along with profitability condition, different liquidity ratios have been analysed based on the companies’ annual reports 2010 and Yahoo 2011 financial website for the year ended 2010. The liquidity ratios of BG group and Royal Dutch Shell are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 (for full tables see the Appendix). Royal Dutch Shell has maintained relatively stable current and quick ratios. Current ratio illustrates whether or not a company maintains enough resources to pay back its debts over the coming financial year (Watson, 2006). It is determined by the ratio of net current assets to net current liabilities. For Shell company the ratio increased by 7.45% over the 5 years period. Furthermore, the current ratios of the last five years exceeded one, which proved that Royal Dutch Shell would be able to honour all its short-term liabilities by its current assets without the need to utilise other sources; such as issuing shares or using new debts. Therefore, this gives clear evidence that the firm’s liquidity situation is in excellent health. The quick ratio represents the ability of a firm to utilise its cash/assets to cover its current liabilities instantaneously , which is calculated as a ratio of total assets to total liabilities. This has fallen by 8.87% over the past five years to 1.8669 in 2010. In 2010, the current and quick ratios of Royal Dutch Shell were 1.1227 and 1.8669. These are below the average ratios of the company over last five years: 1.15694 and 1.88726 respectively. This ideally shows that the liquidity of the company has been slightly decreasing in recent years. Figure (1): Current and Quick ratios of Royal Dutch shell over the last 5 years On the other hand, the quick ratio of BG group has also decreased over the last five years; it began with 2.13 in the first period and decreased to reach 2.0389 in 2010. Moreover, the current ratio also diminished from 1.4684 to 1.1214. One reason could be that the reduction in the firm’s liquidity is as a result of the major issues that have affected the oil and gas industry recently. For instance, the oil spill in Mexico, and the massive impact on BP and other oil companies caused cost of drilling and exploring call in certain regions to rise. Figure (2): Current and Quick ratios of BG group over the last 5 years According to Watson (2006) having a liquidity ratio over one is not enough to assess whether a firm would have difficulties to confront any short term risk arising from the liabilities and, for this reason, the company’s current ratio should be compared to the overall industry or sector average ratio. Hence, after comparing the current ratios of both companies to the average of eight leading companies in major integrated oil and gas industry (see Appendix), the two companies hold almost the same amount of current ratio (1.12). However, they were below the average ratio of the industry by 8%. In a conventional industry, if the current ratio is over one then it is a good indicator. However, in major integrated oil and gas industries the average ratio is 1.2 which imposes on the two companies to adjust their ratio, or else they will face increasing threat of being cash strapped if they are not able to increase profitability, cash flow or reduce liabilities. The profitability ratios of Royal Dutch Shell Plc and BG group Plc were calculated based on its ROE, ROA, profit, operating and gross profit margin. These were all compared to the average industry in order to draw an accurate representation of the companies’ financial situation. For both companies, Return on Equity and ROA exceeded the average sector by 1.63 and 2.62 for BG group Plc, and 1.7, 0.33 for Royal Dutch Shell Plc respectively. However, BG group Plc overperformed Royal Dutch Shell Plc and industry regarding the profit and operating marginal, but both companies were overtaken by the industry gross profit ratio. Profitability ratios attempt to determine a company’s ability to use and control its assets and expenses in a rational manner to generate acceptable rate of return (Buckley, 2004). Based on the ratios calculated, both companies have been able to improve their profitability sufficiently over the average sector ratios. In summary, both companies are liquid firms and have been able to withstand the effects of the oil spill and oil price increases through effective cash management. They have constant and above average liquidity ratios, positive networking capital and acceptable profitability ratios. Figure (3): Percentage change in stock price for BG group, Royal Dutch Shell and FTSE 100 index Key: BG.L (blue): BG group Plc; ^FTSE (red): FTSE 100 index; RDSA.L (green): Royal Dutch Shell plc. Source: Yahoo Finance (2011) As illustrated in Figure (3), the stock market prices of BG group and Royal Dutch Shell fell during the middle of 2010, specifically in early May. The oil spill by BP in Mexico had hugely deteriorated the market value of both stocks. However, the stocks of both companies tended to increase after the oil spill issue was solved. Moreover, the stocks of both companies and FTSE 100 seem to move in same manner to reach their peak by the end of 2010. In the beginning of 2010, both companies and FTSE100 stocks were moving in very close way, but the Mexico’s oil disaster caused investors to walk away from investing on oil companies’ shares. By the end of August 2010 stocks of both companies started to rise, along with FTSE 100, and by the end of 2010 all stocks of both companies and FTSE 100 reappeared to move in the same way but with higher values. Question 2: Critically evaluate each firm’s choice of capital structure and how their method of financing has affected shareholder wealth and explain whether or not it is possible for a company to have an optimum capital structure. The capital structure of a company, as defined by Fridson and Alvarez (2002), as the ratio to which the company’s operating, financing or investing activities are financed through debt and equity. It is simply a ratio of the company’s debt to its equity, otherwise known as gearing or leverage. The capital structure determines the long term functioning capacity and also its attractiveness to banks and investors (Watson and Head, 2006). Consequently, the capital structure is an indicator of the company’s financial fitness. As illustrated in figure 4 below, Royal Dutch Shell’s capital structure is based mostly on equity. Its gearing has fallen to over 85% in 2010, compared to 87% in 2009. This is due to falling profits. However, the amount of equity is five and half times the amount of debt. Therefore it represents a low geared company that relies on equity to finance a vast majority of its activities. Figure 4: Comparison of the capital structure for Royal Dutch Shell between 2009 and 2010 A company that is considered as low-leveraged has complete freedom in its operations without the need to be concerned about issues that debt may have due to inaccessibility to future credit. Figure 5: Capital structure of BG group Plc between 2009 and 2010. Examining BG group Plc’s capital structure above shows that its gearing has increased by 4.8% to move up to 25.2% in 2010. The balance sheet therefore shows that it has changed its capital structure by increasing levels of debt from $19.212 billion to $23.615 billion, as well as also increasing shareholder equity from about $23.23 billion to over $26.684 billion in 2010. However, the debt increase exceeded the equity increase, thus resulting in a debt/equity ratio increased (BG group Plc, 2010). Furthermore, analyses of the company’s financial annual report illustrates that it has issued ˆ750 million and ?750 million of bonds maturing in 2019 and 2025 respectively. Both of these are under the euro medium term note programme, and $350 million and $650 million of bonds maturing in 2015 and 2020 respectively could be taken as strong evidence that the company has shifted its system of rising money from equity to debt by issuing bonds. Therefore, measuring BG group’s capital structure based on its ability to repay future debts may be difficult due to the massive bond issues, which considerably exceeds the net amount raised from equity. Judging by the current credit markets in which loan provisions are scarce and conditions for getting one are hard, BG would have slightly more difficulties than Royal Dutch Shell in obtaining working capital or long-term loans. Though its capital structure does look healthy from an external point of view, comparing the average sector debt to equity ratio which was 37.45% in 2010, both companies are in excellent positions as both of them are far away from any risk of interest rate volatility. Therefore, a good conclusion could be drawn about the ability of both companies to meet interest repayments, and to operate in an efficiently manner to expand their business as a result of their relatively low liabilities. As mentioned, Fridson and Alvarez (2002) state that capital structure refers to the manner in which an organisation finances its assets; this could be either by combination of equity, debt, or hybrid securities. The relationship between capital structure and company value has fuelled the researcher’s interests to conduct more research on this area. According to literature, the debate has concentred on whether there is an optimal capital structure for a firm or the proportion of debt used in constructing the capital is irrelevant to the firm’s value. The Modigliani-Miller theorem states that under a certain market characteristics such as: price random walk, in the absence of taxes, agency costs, asymmetric information, and bankruptcy and in an efficient market, the proportion of debt which has been used by company will not affect its value moreover it does not matter how the firm is financed (issuing stocks or selling debt). The Modigliani-Miller theorem is generally called the â€Å"capital structure irrelevance principle†(Hatfield et al., 1994). The aim of this theory is to establish capital structure which balances the risk of bankruptcy with the tax savings of debt. Therefore, it would provide better returns to shareholders than they would receive from an all-equity firm. Despite its theoretical appeal and all efforts behind it, academics and practitioners in financial management have not found the optimal capital structure yet. The only prescription that could be achieved is to satisfy short-term goals. The main flaws of this idea are that it fails to consider either the complexities of the competitive environment, or the long-term survival needs of the organization. According to Welc (2008): â€Å"The fact that an optimal capital structure has not been found is an indication of some flaw in the logic. We believe that the original question was framed incorrectly. Rather than: What is an optimal mix of debt and equity that will maximize shareholder wealth; it should have been: Under what circumstances should leverage be used to maximize shareholder wealthWhyBecause debt and equity have profound long-term implications for corporate governance that far exceed the exigencies of the moment.† Question 3 Explain whether or not the share price on the 5th of November represents fair valuefor would be investor and explain whether or not the investor ratios give a guide as to the future share price. Critically evaluate the arguments for and against the efficient market hypothesis and explain how the npv criteria relate to investing in shares. The term, â€Å"market efficiency†, has always been a fundamental concept in the financial literature. It describes the decisive impact of information on the price of financial assets and economists refer to it as operational efficiency, highlighting the way resources are utilised to ease the workings mechanisms of the market. However, the most common definition was provided by Fama (1970) who stated that at any given time, securities’ price on a particular stock market fully reflects all the available information on this stock market. Hence, according to the efficiency market hypothesis (EMH), all investors have access to the same information that is already available on the market; therefore, no advantage is taken from private or inside dealing information. In other words, market efficiency reflects the impact of changes in information about a given security on its price. Favourable information is expected to result in an immediate increase in a security price while u nfavourable information will have the opposite effect. The efficient market hypothesis is linked with the term â€Å"random walk† which has been used in the financial literature to refer to a price series where all changes in the prices reflect a random change, regardless of previous prices. This concept emerged from the works of Kendall (1953) and Roberts (1959) where, after analysing the UK stock and commodity prices series and the US stock market, they found clear evidence that the prices change randomly. The logic behind the random walk concept is that if the information is instantly reflected in stock prices, then the day after any price change would only reflect the news of that day and will be independent of the price change of previous day. According to the unpredictability of the news, the price changes must therefore be unpredictable and random. Hence, this statement implies that the investor would achieve the same result of buying and selling securities by himself as by the experts. It was in the early years of the twenty-first century when many financial economists and statisticians started doubting that stock prices could be accurately predicted by emphasising the psychological and behavioural character of stock price determination. Moreover, these financial experts believed that future stock prices can only be slightly predictable based on the patterns of past stock prices and certain fundamental valuation metrics. However, some economists exaggerated by stating that these predictable patterns would allow investors to reap benefits from reducing risk and increasing the levels of return of their securities. In order to assess whether the price of share for both companies fairly reflects the information available in the market, at 5th November 2010, a comparison was provided for the both stocks one week before and after that day (the result depicts in figure 5): Table (1): stock prices of BG group and Royal Dutch Shell Stock 1st November 2010 5th November 2010 8th November 2010 Closing price Day’s change Closing price Day’s change Closing price Day’s change BG group ?12.11 -0.05 ?12.9 -0.04 ?12.7 -0.14 Royal Dutch Shell ?20.16 +0.17 ?20.44 -0.10 ?20.26 -0.18 Source: Financial Times 2011 It is clear from table (1) that over the period of one week before and after 5th November 2010, the prices of both companies’ stock have moved relatively in stable manner. Moreover, regarding the available public information at that point, the prices of the stocks fully and fairly reflected all the information and data that was available which confirms that the UK stock market is an efficient market where all the past and available information is already reflected on its prices. As the UK stock market is a developed market, the market is meant to be efficient. Therefore stock prices are expected to reflect all past and public information. So when investors invest money on BG group or Royal Dutch Shell stocks, they would obviously take its past performance into account. As it has been found in the previous question, both companies have outperformed the average industry in term of ROE, ROA and book value per share (see table (2) in appendix) which should ideally encourage prospective investors to invest in those companies. This would make their stock more attractive to investors. One of the most commonly used techniques in finance is the Net Present Value (NPV). The NPV represents the expected change in the value of the firm in current time if a project is accepted. NPV adopts the time value of money principle in calculating all investments, which depicts that the cash flow on an investment is discounted based on the cost of capital, which decreases over the period in which the project is active (Watson and Head, 2006). Under the efficient market hypothesis EMH assumptions, the price of a random share in the market has to be allocated on the Security Market Line (SML) or Capital Market Line (CML), therefore the share prices is consistent with share asset market values (intrinsic values) so theoretically it is meaningless to conduct any earned value analysis â€Å"EVA† (NPV and investors ratios). Share price allocated on the SML/CML by definition will have net present value NPV equals to zero and cost of capital equals to the internal rate of return, in which any evaluation of this measurements would be useless because EVA must equals zero. Since NPV measures the present value of any future cash flows, in an EMH world, NPV attempting to calculate a measurement which has already been reflected on the share price. Arbitrage theory ensure that any abnormal profit should not exist or occur, if the earned value analysis EVA were to be observed, it should occur in random value or statistically non-s ignificant and the positive earned value analysis should be offset by negative earned value analysis (Chen, 2001). Furthermore, in an efficient market world it is unlikely to earn excess returns consistently. Thus within the logic of this theory EMH, earned value analysis which consists of calculating the investors’ ratios and NPV is a fiction and useless. In conclusion, the price of the both companies appears to be fully and fairly reflected in all the data and available information, such as investor’s ratio (ROE, ROA and the positive NPV value). Therefore, investors cannot beat the market price under the efficient market hypothesis assumption even though the investor ratios and NPV show the attractiveness of the stock because the price of share is already reflect all the past information (ratios and NPV) Bibliography BRYANT, L. 2003. Relative value relevance of the successful efforts and full cost accounting methods in the oil and gas industry. Review of accounting studies, 8, 5. BUCKLEY, A. 2004. Multinational Finance, Pearson Education. CHEN, S. A. J. L. D. 2001. Operating Income, Residual Income and EVA: Which Metric is More Value Relevant. Journal of Managerial 65-86. CAPITAL STRUCTURE: THE EFFECT OF FIRM AND INDUSTRY DEBT RATIOS ON MARKET VALU. Financial And Strategic Decision, 7. FRIDSON, M. S., AND ALVAREZ, F. 2002. Financial statement analysis: a practitioner’s guide, John Wiley and Sons. FAMA, E. F. 1970. Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work. The journal of finance, 25, 383. HATFIELD, G. B., , L. T. W. C. , A. W. N. D., III 1994. THE DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL HAUSHALTER, G. D. 2000. Financing Policy, Basis Risk, and Corporate Hedging: Evidence from Oil and Gas Producers. The Journal of Finance, 55, 107-152. HEMINGWAY, R. W. 1971. Law of oil and gas. KENDALL, M. 1953. The Analysis of Economic Time Series. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, pp. 11-25. JAHN, F., COOK, M. GRAHAM, M. 2008. Hydrocarbon exploration and production, Elsevier. MALLIN, C. A. 2006. International corporate governance: a case study approach, Edward Elgar Pub. MONEY, C. 2011. A Time Warner Company ALL RIGHTS RESERVED [Online]. Cable News Network. [Accessed 29/04/2011 2011]. ROBERTS, H. 1959. Stock Market `Patterns’ and Financial Analysis: Methodological Suggestions. Journal of Finance, 44, pp. 1-10. UNGERER, P., TAVITIAN, B. BOUTIN, A. 2005. Applications of molecular simulation in the oil and gas industry: Monte Carlo methods, Editions Technip. WATSON, D., AND HEAD, A. 2006. Corporate Finance: Principles Practice, Pearson Education. WELC, I. 2008. Common Flaws in Empirical Capital Structure Research. Brown University and NBER. Appendix Table (2): Represents the financial ratios of the 8 companies in the industry BP Plc (BP.L) Petroleo Brasileiro SA Petrobras (APBR.BA) Exxon Mobil Corporation (XOM) Royal Dutch Shell PLC BG Group PLC (BG.L) Total SA (TTA.L) ConocoPhillips (COP) Encana Corporation (ECA) average industry Profit Margin -1.25% 16.50% 8.89% 5.47% 19.52% 7.53% 6.46% 1.24% 8.05% Operating Margin -4.58% 22.21% 12.01% 7.48% 34.11% 14.19% 7.99% 6.11% 12.44% Return on Equity: -3.36% 15.05% 23.43% 14.22% 14.15% 18.83% 17.34% 0.50% 12.52% Return on Assets -3.35% 6.80% 9.60% 5.60% 7.89% 9.18% 5.69% 0.78% 5.27% Current Ratio 1.16 1.88 0.94 1.12 1.12 1.42 1.26 0.67 1.20 Total Debt/Equity 47.28 38.01 9.83 29.60 36.37 49.69 41.39 47.41 37.45 Revenue Per Share 95.02 27.51 70.13 120.03 25.39 62.86 118.81 9.49 66.16 Gross Profit Margin 16.46 53.80 43.63 13.53% 25.39% 29.26% 29.74% 88.84% 38% Book Value Per Share 30.33 29.95 29.49 48.10 38.87 27.00 47.92 22.97 34.33 Total Cash Per Share 6.42 5.50 1.58 4.37 3.74 6.88 7.91 1.10 4.69 Table (3): Represents the liquidity ratios of BG group and Royal Dutch Shell over last 5 years Ratios Company 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Quick ratio Royal Dutch Shell 1.8669 1.8967 1.8393 1.8778 1.9556 BG group 2.13 2.2091 2.0637 1.9159 2.0389 Current ratio Royal Dutch Shell 1.1227 1.1376 1.1046 1.2226 1.1972 BG group 1.1214 1.10125 1.0542 1.3041 1.4684 Net working capital Royal Dutch Shell 12342 11668 11041 21013 15137 BG group 1079 104 506 2351 2584 Net profit Royal Dutch Shell 20127 12518 26277 31331 25442 BG group 3532 3462 5907 3460 3198 Figure (5): The Net profit of the two companies Figure (6): Net working capital of the two companies Table (4): The financial ratios of the two companies in 2010 Financial ratios Formula BG Shell Profitability ratio Tax Burden Net Profit/Pre-tax Profit = 3500/5730 = 61.08% = 20474/35344 = 57.93% Interest Burden Pre-tax/EBIT = 5730/5562 = 103.02% = 35344/36340 = 97.26% Margin EBIT/Sales = 5562/17166 = 32.40% = 36340/368056 = 9.87% Turnover Sales/assets = 17166/50299 = 34.13% = 368056/322560 = 114.10% Leverage Assets/Equity = 50299/26684 = 188.50% = 322560/149780 = 215.36% ROE Net Profit/Equity = 3500/26684 = 13.12% = 20474/149780 = 13.67% Return on asset ROA Net Income / total asset = 3500/50299 = 6.96% =20474/322560 = 6.35% Net gearing Net debt / equity = 23615/26684 = 88.50% = 172780/149780 = 115.36% Basic earning power ratio EBIT / Total asset = 5562/50299 = 11.06% = 36340/322560 = 11.27% Liquidity ratio Current ratio Current assets / current liabilities = 9965/886 = 112.14% = 112894/100552 = 112.27% How to cite Financial analysis of BG and Shell, Essay examples

American Pie Analysis free essay sample

The immensely popular song American Pie, written by Don McLean, describes the day the music died, and the decline of society In the following decade. This date, specifically February 3rd 1959, Is marked by the deaths of Influential musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valves, and J. P. Richardson. McLean wrote the song to describe his feelings towards the deaths, and to describe the history of American music up to the date American Pie was written, using symbolism to describe events without directly naming them or those involved.McLean uses many different themes, including theology and time to describe this Journey. Don Manacles American Pie uses symbolism to tell the story of American music and the day the music died, and the events that lead up to the apocalypse. The first line in the song A long, long time ago (McLean) suggests a feeling of timelessness, which is often used in mythic stories and events. This line also refers to the narrators (presumably McLean) youth, before he was a well-known musician. The following lines describe Manacles desire to bring Joy to people through music and dance. And I knew if I had my chance, that I could make those people dance, and maybe they be happy for a while (McLean). Music Is often used symbolically as a connector with the universal and with the cosmos. Music with Its different harmonies, tones, Tempe and instruments is a means of identifying with the life of the cosmos with all its fullness (Chevalier 688). Dance can also be seen as a manifestation of the spirit and of life (272-273). During the time that McLean was a youth, dance was seen as a serious sign of affection, to a greater and more meaningful extent than It would later. Dance Is a constant theme In the song, and as It progresses It Is diminished to a more travel role, to Manacles dismay. The next section dramatically alters the tone of the song from upbeat Moguls used to make me smile (McLean) to somber But February made me shiver (McLean). Symbolically, cold weather deteriorates both physically and spiritually whomever it engulfs, showing Manacles changing physical and emotional state. The verse continues with references to a newspaper on a doorstep which bears bad news for the narrator McLean.Paper Is an archetype of fragility and of the timeless part of an Individual (Chevalier 735). Thus, the bad news of the newspaper reflects the fragility of the good mood of the first verse. Also, the doorstep on which the newspaper rests suggests to a gateway. Gateways symbolize the scene passing from one state to another, from one world to another, from the known to the unknown, from light to darkness (422). On top of this, McLean is unable to take a step, symbolizing an end to any forward progression. Progression is also an important theme in the song, usually to describe society during the decade following 1959.The abundance of transcendent Imagery In this verse complements the change of American music and society following the day the music died, referenced in the ext section. l cant remember if I cried when I read about his widowed bride (McLean). This line references those killed on February 3rd 1959 by taking mention of their wives. Tears are an obvious symbol of grief and death (Chevalier 977), and here make allude often used in reference in the search for their dead husband, and is also a synonym for the gallows and guillotine (1109). This symbol represents the grief felt by those ho lived during this time, and their search for peace.These symbols combined with the next line Something touched me deep inside, the day the music died (McLean) presents to sorrow and the search for reason felt by society following the deaths of the three musicians. The American Pie of the first line of the refrain may symbolize American society itself. Bye, bye, Miss American Pie (McLean). The words bye, bye may reference a loss of innocence caused by the deaths. Also due to the deaths of the musicians, society was in a stage of grief. The refrain continues drove my Chevy to the levee, but the levee was dry (McLean). Any automobile suggests a dream or a change in psychological development (Chevalier 58). Also, oil is normally seen as a symbol of rookeries and divine blessing (714). Therefore, the dry levee shows the absence of prosperity of the American dream following February 3rd. And them good 01 boys Nerve drinking whisky and rye, singing theists be the day that I died (McLean). The boys symbolize the youth and innocence of America, and the alcohol symbolizes their corruption and sadness following the deaths of the musical idols. Did you write the Book of Love? (McLean). Books traditionally symbolize knowledge, and also represent the universe. Therefore, the Book of Love represents universal love. And do you have faith in God above, if the Bible tells you so (McLean). This may be a criticism of Christians during this time, when many people were Christians simply because the Bible tells them that it is the right religion. The Christian religion is the central theme around which the entire song revolves. Many references are made to both God, and later Satan. McLean may be telling those that do not truly believe in Christianity to reexamine their faith. Do you believe in rock On roll, can music save you mortal soul, and can you teach me how to dance real slow? (McLean). This next section refers back to the music and dance of the first few lines of the song, but it is now mentioned as a means of salvation, instead of a means of Joy. The next section refers to lovers dancing in a gym. As mentioned before, dancing is identified with life, and lovers are symbols of emotions and egos (Chevalier 520-621). You both kicked off your shoes (McLean). In Western tradition, shoes show funerary significance. These symbols once again show the death and negative emotions following the day the music died. L was a lonely teenage bronchi buck, with a pink carnation and a pickup ruckus (McLean). A buck, or deer, is a common symbol of the spirit (Chevalier 283-284). A flower is also seen as a symbol of spiritual perfection (395), and as mentioned before, any automobile suggests a dream or psychological development. These symbols show how Manacles spirit was in a state of perfection prior to the events of February 3rd. But I knew I was out of luck the day the music died (McLean). This line foreshadows sadness, despair and grief felt not only be McLean himself, but by all people. Now for ten years weve been on our own, and moss grows fat on a rolling stone (McLean). The number ten shows a return to oneness (Chevalier 981) and any images in every civilization showing the transition from vegetable to animal, to human, to divine (1061). Also, a stone shows the link between the soul and the stone (932). Because McLean says we, he is suggesting that all of society is returning to its spiritual oneness, and is recovering from the deaths ten years prior. But thats not how it used to be, when the Jester sang for the King and Queen (McLean).This line places the narrative back into the past, within a royal court. The Jester, or fool, symbolizes forward progress (Chevalier 397). The King and Queen symbolize the center of heaven, earth, and mankind (566-567). In a coat he borrowed from James Dean (McLean). In the movie Rebel Without a Cause, James Dean wears a red coat which, in the movie, symbolizes forward progression (Ray). And a voice from you and me (McLean). This section shows forward progression, possibly trying to overtake the norm of society, the king, using the people as his tool, as referenced by the voice from you and me. Oh, and while the king was looking down, the Jester stole his thorny crown (McLean). This is obvious Christ imagery, as the Jester has stolen the crown symbolic of his supremacy) from the king, but he must also face the responsibilities of his actions. The courtroom was adjourned, no verdict was returned (McLean). This may refer to the Jesters theft of the crown, and how it was accepted by society, as the Jester was not convicted. The quartet practiced in the park, and we sang dirges in the dark (McLean). The number four represents what is solid in the world, the material wealth of all (Chevalier 402-403).The fact that they were playing music in a park shows the life and power of nature and of God, the creator of both life and nature. The dirges in the dark symbolizes the funerary setting and the sadness felt following the deaths, as the narrative is still set prior to the moss on the rolling stone. Helter Shelter in a summer swelter, the birds flew off with a fallout shelter (McLean). Helter Shelter most likely refers to a Battles song. The Battles may also be the quartet mentioned in the previous verse (Ray). The flight of birds leads them, naturally, to serve as symbols of the links between Heaven and Earth.In Greek, the word itself could be used as a synonym for forewarning and for a message from Heaven (Chevalier 86-87). The birds therefore are a symbol of a message from heaven, possibly a message from God in order to save the people from their self- destructive and grievous path. Eight miles high and falling fast, it landed foul out on the grass (McLean). Eight is a symbol of cosmic balance, and of completeness (Chevalier 342-343). Therefore, the message from heaven was unable to reach Earth, but it instead crashed onto grass, a symbol of the transition from human to divine, and of the divine to human (1061). The players tried for a forward pass, with the Lester on the sidelines in a cast (McLean). The players symbolize a force in opposition to the Jester. The Jester, representing forward progression, is unable to progress due to an injury and is on the sidelines observing. Now the half-time air was sweet perfume, while sergeants played a marching tune (McLean). Perfume is a symbol of one of the elements of a sacrificial offering designed to make it acceptable to God (Chevalier 748). The scene is set for a type of sporting event, due to the players mentioned previously, and the mention of half- time.The sergeants, most likely represent governments or other figures of power, salvation during the asss, the sergeants, or those who held power, interfere. Following, the audience gets up to dance, but is unable to because the band refuses to yield to the players following half-time. Once again, dancing symbolizes the Spirit of Life (272). The marching band, in the form of the army, is unwilling to let the people continue their lives, and interferes with the game. This section can also be interpreted as a reference to the Vietnam War.The crowd may represent those that wished that the war would end. The sergeants would still represent the heads of power, preventing what the crowd wanted from taking place. Oh, and there we were all in one place, a generation lost in space (McLean). Space, inseparable from time, is simultaneously the place where all is potentially in this sense it symbolizes the cosmos or ordered universe (Chevalier 900). This is an attempt by McLean to show that society was lost in the universe; unable to continue their lives due to interference by the leaders of society in the previous verse. With no time left to start again, so come on, Jack be nimble, Jack be quick, Jack Flash sat on a candlestick (McLean). The absence of time is again referring to the game that was delayed in the previous verse. Jack Flash is the name of a song by the Rolling Stones, and a candlestick is a symbol of spiritual illumination, of the seed of life and of salvation (Chevalier 151). Therefore, McLean believed that the rock style of the Rolling Stones was preventing spiritual illumination, and was preventing society from finding their way through the ordered universe. Cause fire is the devils only friend (McLean). The destructive aspect of fire implies a negative aspect and to be Lord of the Fire is a function of the Devil (Chevalier 380). This connects the intentions of the Rolling Stones to prevent society from finding their way to the Devil. This also connects the Devil with the figureheads of the last verse, as they were preventing the people from the Spirit of Life, and from petitioning God for aid after his message was ignored. Oh, and I watched him on the stage, my hands were clenched in fists of rage (McLean).In this next section, McLean is most likely referring to the Devil performing for all the people to see. No angel born in hell could break that Satins spell (McLean). This symbolizes the inability of the society to break Satins hold on the people, and he now refers to the people as angels born in hell, because they eave fallen under Satins spell. As the flames climbed high into the night, to light the sacrificial light, I saw Satan laughing with delight, the day the music died (McLean). The flames symbolize the hold Satan has on the people, and the sacrificial light represents full control over society.So as Satan gains control over the people, he is reaching his complete goal; total control over humanity. Also, Satan is connected to the deaths of the musicians, as he was laughing with delight at their deaths. Many critics have speculated that the devil mentioned in the verse are the Rolling Stones. Many of the songs in the Rolling Stones settles mention the devil, which may have caused McLean to believe that they were devil worshipers. The next section of the song describes McLean following Satins control over the population. L met a girl who sang the blues, and I asked her for some happy news, but she Just smiled and turned away (McLean). Song is the symbol of the word which links the creators power to what it has coordinated gives it expression in Joy her creator, but when asked for good news, she is unable or unwilling to give any. l Net down to the sacred store where Id heard the music years before, but the man here said the music wouldnt play (McLean). The sacred store refers to a music store. McLean wishes to hear the music, and therefore the life of the cosmos :chevalier 688), again.Unfortunately, due to Satins hold on the society, the music cannot be played again, which shows the absence of all life and spirit in the society. The last verse describes the consequences of the actions of the people. And in the streets the children screamed, the lovers cried, and the poets dreamed (McLean). Children are often seen as a sign of innocence, and in Christian tradition, they are also symbolic of angels (Chevalier 189-190). Therefore, the innocence of the people is lost and the angels, servants of God, cannot aid mankind. He lovers may be a reference to the lovers mentioned dancing in the gym. The lovers, representing emotions and egos (620-621), are crying, which shows the emotions of grief and death (977). The dreaming poets represent a hope for a better life. But not a word was spoken, the church bells all were broken (McLean). The Church bells are one of the most profound symbols in the entire work. It undoubtedly symbolizes the divine command to study the Law, obedience to the Nor of God and, at all events, intercommunication between Heaven and Earth (Chevalier 82).The broken church bells represent God cutting himself off from society. Because of this, the world as all know it is doomed. And the three men I admire the most, the Father, Son and the Holy Ghost, they caught the last train for the coast, the day the music died (McLean). Three symbolizes the spiritual order of God and the Trinity(Chevalier 993), and in this case shows the connection between McLean and God. Trains seen in dreams are images of social life as a member off group and of the fate that governs us (1023).This once again shows God cutting his connection with Earth, leaving it to its fate following its unfaithfulness. Along with the social connotations, there are many musical references in the song. Many musical critics claim that the Jester mentioned in the third verse represents bib Dylan, and Elvis represents the king. The crown of thorns represents musical supremacy following Elvis death, with Dylan in control, and the price of fame. This argument is strengthened by the fact that Dylan wears a red windbreaker similar to the one worn by James Dean in Rebel Without a Cause in his album TheFreewheeling Bob Dylan. The quartet mentioned is the Battles, and the park represent their famous farewell concert and Candlestick Park in 1966. The birds represent The Birds, a band mostly known bridging stylistic the gap that fell between bib Dylan and the Battles. The Birds single, Eight Miles High, is also mentioned. The players attempting a forward pass represent many bands attempting to gain control of the musical market during Dylan absence while he was injured in a motorcycle accident. All musical reference following the fourth verse represent the RollingStones, and their ties with the devil during their Alton Free Concert, during which an African-American man was killed by one the of Hells Angels security guards AR the concert (Fan). Don Manacles song American Pie is an epic and mythic tale that tells the story of the American musical society immediately prior to and following February 3rd 1959, depression following the deaths of three famous musicians, and the progression Nothing musical hierarchy that followed. Because the society was unable to return to the way it was before February 3rd, it went against the will of God by ignoring opportunities for repentance.Therefore, society sold their souls to the Devil in order to fulfill their musical and emotional emptiness. Because of this, the musical and social world declined into chaos, and the apocalypse destroyed what was once a beautiful, musical world. Historically, the song tells of how the world of music turned from the folk oriented Elvis and Bob Dylan, and moved toward the rock style of the tattles and Rolling Stones, which lead to the decline of music and society. There is much to learn from Don Manacles American Pie. Throughout time, sic has been an archetype of the cosmos and all its fullness (Chevalier 688).